On Whitney's extension theorem for spaces of ultradifferentiable functions (Q5947125)

An increasing continuous function \(\omega: [0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)\) is called a weight function if (i) \(\omega(2t)= O(\omega(t))\) as \(t\to\infty\), (ii) \(\int^\infty_1 {\omega(t)\over t^2} dt< \infty\), (iii) \(\log(t)= o(\omega(t))\) as \(t\to\infty\), (iv) \(\phi_\omega: x\to \omega(e^x)\) is convex on \([0,\infty)\). Let \(\phi^*_\omega(y)= \sup\{xy- \phi_\omega(x): x\geq 0\}\). For \(f\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)\) and \(s,p\in (0,\infty)\) define \[ |f|_{\omega, s,p}= \sup_{\alpha\in N^N_0} \sup_{|x|\leq p}|f^{(\alpha)}(x)|\exp(- s\phi^*_\omega(|\alpha||s|)). \] Let \({\mathcal E}_{(\omega)}(\mathbb{R}^N)= \bigcap_{p> 0} \bigcap_{s> 0}{\mathcal E}_{\omega, s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \({\mathcal E}_{\{\omega\}}(\mathbb{R}^N)= \bigcap_{p> 0} \bigcup_{s> 0}{\mathcal E}_{\omega,s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) be the spaces of ultra differentiable functions of Beurling and Roumieu type with their usual topologies. For a compact \(K\neq\emptyset\) of \(\mathbb{R}^N\) denote by \[ \rho_K: f\mapsto (f^{(\alpha)}|_K)_{\alpha\in N^N_0} \] the restriction map from \(C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)\) into the space \(J(K)\) of all jets on \(K\) (a jet on \(K\) is a sequence \((f_\alpha)_{\alpha\in N^N_0}\) of continuous functions on \(K\)). A weight function \(\omega\) is called strong if there exists \(C> 0\) such that \[ \int^\infty_1 {\omega(yt)\over t^2} dt\leq C\omega(y)+ C\qquad\forall y\geq 0. \] Let \({\mathcal E}_*(\mathbb{R}^N)\) denote either \({\mathcal E}_{(\omega)}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) or \({\mathcal E}_{\{\omega\}}(\mathbb{R}^N)\). In this paper, the author proves that if \(\omega\) is not strong then the operator \(\rho_K:{\mathcal E}_*(\mathbb{R}^N)\to{\mathcal E}_*(K)\) is not surjective for compact set \(K\neq\emptyset\) in \(\mathbb{R}^N\) and uses this to characterize surjective restriction operators.