On Jordan angles and the triangle inequality in Grassmann manifolds (Q5948676)

The result of the paper appears in the third paragraph. Denote by \(W_p\) (Weyl group) the group of all transformations of \(\mathbb{R}^p\) generated by permutations of the coordinates and by the transformations \((t_1, \dots,t_p) \to (\sigma_1 t_1,\dots, \sigma_pt_p)\) where \(\sigma_j=\pm 1\). Theorem A. Let \(f(x)\) be a \(W_p\) invariant norm in \(\mathbb{R}^p\). Then the function \[ d(L,M)= \ell (\Psi_1 [L,M],\dots, \Psi_p[L,M]) \] is an \(O(p+q)\)-invariant metric on \(Gr_{p, q}\). Theorem B. Let \(L,M,N\in Gr_{p,q}\). Let \(\varphi_j= \Psi_j[L,M]\), \(\Psi_j= \Psi_j[M,N]\), \(\theta_j= \psi_j[L,N]\) be the angles. Denote by \(Z\) the convex hull of the \(W_p\)-orbit of the vector \((\psi_1,\dots, \psi_p) \in\mathbb{R}^p\). Then there exists a vector \((\theta_1^0, \dots,\theta_p^0)\in U\) such that the collection of numbers \((\cos\theta_1^0, \dots,\cos \theta_p^0)\) coincides up to permutations with the collection of numbers \((\cos \theta_1,\dots, \cos \theta_p)\). In the seventh paragraph entitled preliminaries the bistochastic matrix and quasistochastic matrix are defined. The author proves two lemmas. So lemma 11: Let \(A\) be a real \(p\times q\) matrix. Let \(\lambda= (\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_p)\) be its singular values. Then the convex hull of the \(W_p\)-orbit of \(\lambda\) contains the vector \((a_{11},\dots, a_{pp})\). This is a minor variation of Ky Fan's theorem [\textit{R. Bhatia} (1977), \textit{V. B. Lidskij}, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 75, 769-772 (1950; Zbl 0039.01002)]. For other details see the author's references.