Toeplitz operators with frequency modulated semi-almost periodic symbols (Q5949119)

The Toeplitz operator with the symbol \(a\in L^{\infty}(\mathbf R)\) is denoted by \(T(a)\). It is well known that amplitude modulation does not affect Fredholmness of Toeplitz operators (\(T(b)\) is Fredholm if and only if so is \(T(b/|b|)\)). In the article under review it is shown that frequency modulation can destroy Fredholmness of \(T(b)\) with almost periodic symbol. More precisely, it is shown that there exist almost periodic function \(b\) and orientation preserving homeomorphism \(\alpha\:\mathbf R\to\mathbf R\) such that \(T(b)\) is Fredholm on \(H^2\) but \(T(a)\) with \(a(x)=b(\alpha(x))\) is not Fredholm. Moreover the article contains several results that can be used to decide whether a \(T(a)\) with frequency modulated semi-almost periodic symbol is Fredholm.