Smoothly symmetrizable systems and the reduced dimensions (Q5949482)

The authors study the problem of diagonability of the differential operator of the form \(L(x,D)=\sum _{j=1}^n A_j(x)D_j\), where \(A_1=I\) is the identity matrix of order \(m\) and \(A_j(x)\) are real valued \(m\times m\) matricies. Denote by \(L(x,\xi)= \sum _{j=1}^n A_j(x)\xi_j=(\varphi ^i_j(x,\xi))\) the symbol of \(L(x,D)\). Denote by \(d(L(x,\cdot))=\dim \text{span}\{\varphi^i_j(x,\cdot)\}\), which is called the reduced dimension of \(L\) at \(x\). The matrix \(A\in M(m,R)\) is called diagonalizable if \(A\) is diagonalizable and all eigenvalues of \(A\) are real. The main result of the paper is the following theorem: Assume that \(d(L(x_0,\cdot))\geq m(m+1)/2\) if \(m=2\) or \(d(L(x_0,\cdot))\geq m(m+1)/2-1\) if \(m\geq 3\) and \(L(x,\xi)\) is real diagonalizable for every \((x,\xi), x\) near \(x_0\). Then \(L(x,\xi)\) is smoothly symmetrizable, that is there is a smooth \(S(x)\) defined near \(x_0\) such that \(S(x)^{-1}L(x,\xi)S(x)\) is symmetric.