Brun's fundamental lemma and exponential sums over primes (Q5949907)

Using only a fundamental lemma in sieve methods together with Chebyshev's estimate for the average value for the von Mangoldt function \(\Lambda(n)\), the author establishes the bound for the exponential sum \[ \sum_{n\leq x}\Lambda(n)e^{2\pi i\alpha n}\ll x \sqrt{{d(q)\log^3q\over \varphi(q)}}, \] where \(d(q)\) is the divisor function and \(\varphi(q)\) is Euler's function, which is valid for \(\alpha=a/q+\eta\) with \((a,q)=1\), \(|\eta|\leq 1/q\tau\), \(\tau = x/H\), \(1\leq H\leq \exp\{\varepsilon\sqrt{\log x}\}\) and \(1\leq q\leq \exp\{(\log x)^{1/3-\varepsilon}\}\), \(\varepsilon>0\). As the author remarks, although the result here is stronger than I. M. Vinogradov's theorem, it is weaker than the estimate \(O(x\log\log q/\sqrt q)\), valid for \(q\leq \exp(\varepsilon\sqrt{\log x})\), obtained by \textit{A. A. Karatsuba} [Basic analytic number theory, Berlin, Springer-Verlag (1993; Zbl 0767.11001)] with the aid of Siegel's theorem for primes in arithmetic progressions. The author also shows that his bound can be used to deduce, by means of Weyl's lemma, the fact that if \(\alpha\) is irrational then the sequence \((p\alpha)\) over primes \(p\) is uniformly distributed modulo 1.