Ankeny-Artin-Chowla conjecture and continued fraction expansion (Q5949916)

For any prime \(p\) congruent to 1 modulo 4, let \(\varepsilon_p= (t_p+ u_p \sqrt{p})/2\) be the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{p})\). In this paper, the author investigates some relations between Ankeny, Artin and Chowla conjecture on \(\varepsilon_p\) and the continued fraction expansion of \((1+\sqrt{p})/2\), and then proves that the conjecture: `\(u_p\) is not divisible by \(p\)' is true if the prime \(p\) is not ``small'' in some sense. He first describes \(p\) in terms of partial quotients in the continued fraction expansion of \((1+\sqrt{p})/2\), and then proves the following main theorem: For any positive odd integer \(q\), we put \(q'=(q-1)/2\) and assume that positive integers \(c_1,\dots, c_{q'}\) are given. Then, the Ankeny, Artin and Chowla conjecture holds for all the primes \(p\) in \(S(q; c_1,\dots, c_{q'})\) with one possible exception, where \[ S(q; c_1,\dots, c_{q'})= \left\{ d\in \mathbb{Z} \left|\begin{aligned} &d>0,\;d\equiv 1\pmod 4\\ &(1+\sqrt{d})/2= [c_0, \overline{c_1,\dots, c_{q'}, c_{q'},\dots, c_1,2c_0-1}]\\ &c_0= [(1+\sqrt{d})/2] \end{aligned} \right.\right\}. \]