Sets of exact `logarithmic' order in the theory of Diophantine approximation (Q5950054)

For any real number \(x\), its exact order \(\tau(x)\) is the l.u.b. of the numbers \(\tau\) such that \(|x-p/q|\leq|q|^{-\tau}\) holds for infinitely many rationals \(p/q\). A theorem of \textit{R. Güting} [Mich. Math. J. 10, 161-179 (1963; Zbl 0107.04204)] states that, for \(\alpha\geq 2\), the Hausdorff dimension of the set of reals \(x\) with \(\tau(x)=\alpha\) is equal to \(2/\alpha\). The authors introduce the notion of exact \(t\)-logarithmic order which is a refinement of exact order. The main result generalizes Güting's result to linear forms and determines the Hausdorff measure at the critical exponent. The sets are shown to satisfy delicate zero-infinity laws with respect to Lebesgue and Hausdorff measures. These laws are reminiscent of those satisfied by the classical set of well approximable real numbers, as demonstrated by Khintchine's theorem.