How to find all roots of complex polynomials by Newton's method. (Q5950709)

This very interesting and substantial paper is concerned with the dynamics of Newton's method for finding the roots of a polynomial \(p(z)\) in one variable. Let \(\mathcal P_d\) be the space of polynomials of degree \(d\), normalized so that all their roots are in the open unit disk \(\mathcal D\). For such a polynomial \(p\) its Newton's map \(N _p:\mathcal P ^1 \to \mathcal P ^1\) defined by \(N _p(z)=z-p(z)/p^\prime (z)\) is considered. If the sequence \(z_0, z_1 =N_p(z_0),z_2=N_p(z_1), \dots \) converges to a root \(\xi \) of \(p\) we say that \(z_0\) is in the {basin} of \(\xi \). The main result of the paper is represented by a constructive theorem establishing that for every \(d\geq 2\), there is a set \(\mathcal S_d\) consisting of at most \(1.1d\log ^2d\) points in \(\mathcal C\) with the property that for every polynomial \(p\in \mathcal P_d\) and each of its roots, there is a point \(s\in \mathcal S_d\) in the basin of the chosen root. For polynomials all of whose roots are real, there is an analogous set \(\mathcal S\) with at most \(1.3d \) points. An explicit construction of such a set \(\mathcal S_d\) in the general case is given at the end of the paper.