A step-like contrast structure for the case of a multiple root of the transition point equation (the critical case) (Q5951214)

Consider the boundary value problem \[ \varepsilon^2 u''= f(u,x),\quad 0< x< 1,\quad u'(0,\varepsilon)= u'(1,\varepsilon)= 0,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter, and \(f\) is a smooth function. It is assumed that \(f(u,x)= 0\) has three isolated zeros \(\varphi_i(x)\), \(i= 1,2,3\), for \(x\in [0,1]\), where \[ I(x)\equiv \int^{\varphi_3(x)}_{\varphi_1(x)} f(u,x) dx\equiv 0\quad\text{for }x\in [0,1]. \] The existence of a step-like solution to \((*)\) is known if some function \(G(x)\) has a simple zero. In the paper, the authors establish the existence of such solution under the condition that \(G(x)\) has a double zero.