On semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension \(pq^2\). II (Q5951635)

Let \(p\) and \(q\) be distinct primes, and let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. This paper is the sequel to part I [\textit{S. Natale}, J. Algebra 221, No. 1, 242-278 (1999; Zbl 0942.16045)], which discussed conditions for when a semisimple \(k\)-Hopf algebra \(A\) of dimension \(pq^2\) has the property that either \(A\) or \(A^*\) has a nontrivial central grouplike element. It was also shown that if \(A\), a not simple Hopf algebra, is neither commutative nor cocommutative then \(q=1\pmod p\) or \(p=1\pmod q\). Here the author proves the existence of nontrivial central grouplike elements for semisimple \(k\)-Hopf algebras of dimension \(pq^2\) when \(p>q\) in the case where \(A\) and \(A^*\) are of Frobenius type (\(H\) is of Frobenius type if \(\dim_kM\) divides \(\dim_kH\) for every irreducible \(H\)-module \(M\)) and \(p\neq 1\pmod{q^2}\). Furthermore, if \(p\neq 1\pmod{q^2}\) then \(p=1\pmod q\) and \(A\cong{\mathcal A}_l\), \(0\leq l\leq q-1\), where \({\mathcal A}_l\) is the Hopf algebra described by \textit{S. Gelaki} [Isr. J. Math. 102, 227-267 (1997; Zbl 0898.16025)]. If the set of grouplikes \(G(A)\) is cyclic, then \(p=1\pmod q\) and again \(A\cong{\mathcal A}_l\). As a special case we get that if \(A\) is a nontrivial semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension 28 (so \(p=7\) and \(q=2)\) then \(A\cong{\mathcal A}_0\) or \(A\cong{\mathcal A}_1\). Because of these results, if \(A\) or \(A^*\) does not contain a central grouplike element, then \(p=1\pmod{q^2}\) and \(A\cong R\#kG\), where \(G\) is a noncyclic group of order \(q^2\) and \(R\) is a Yetter-Drinfeld Hopf algebra of dimension \(p\) over \(kG\). It is a conjecture of Kaplansky that every semisimple Hopf algebra is of Frobenius type. If this is the case then this paper proves the existence of nontrivial central grouplike elements for semisimple \(k\)-Hopf algebras of dimension \(pq^2\) whenever \(p>q\) and \(p\neq 1\pmod{q^2}\).