Characterization of Hill operators with analytic potentials (Q5952401)

Let us consider the equation \[ -y''+ q(x)y= \lambda^2y,\quad 0\leq x\leq\pi,\tag{1} \] with the periodic conditions \[ y(0)= y(\pi),\quad y'(0)= y'(\pi),\tag{2} \] antiperiodic conditions \[ y(0)= -y(\pi),\quad y'(0)= -y'(\pi),\tag{3} \] and Dirichlet conditions \[ y(0)= y(\pi)= 0.\tag{4} \] Necessary and sufficient conditions for \(q(x)\in L^2(0,\pi)\), \(q(x)= q(x+\pi)\), to be analytic on the real line are formulated in terms of the spectra of problems (1), (2); (1), (3) and (1), (4).