On the associative analog of Lie bialgebras (Q5952409)

This paper deals with \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebras, that is associative algebras equipped with coalgebra structures such that the comultiplications are derivations. The goal is to connect these objects with Lie bialgebras. Given an element \(r\in A\otimes A\), the author defines \({\mathbf A}(r)\), the left-hand side of the ``associative Yang-Baxter equation'' (AYB) \({\mathbf A}(x)=0\). Antisymmetric solutions to AYB are explored, and it is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between these solutions and subalgebras of \(A\) that are antisymmetric, i.e. that carry a non-degenerate cyclic \(2\)-cocycle. If \(r^+\) is the symmetric part of \(r\) (i.e. \(r^+=1/2(r+\tau(r))\) where \(\tau\colon A\otimes A\to A\otimes A\) is the ``twist'' map), then it is established that solutions to \({\mathbf A}(r)=0\) in which \(r^+\) is invariant are also solutions to the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYB). It is suggested that solutions to CYB could be found from AYB, and in fact some solutions to CYB by Drinfeld and Belavin arise in this manner. Under certain circumstances an \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra can give rise to a Lie bialgebra using the commutator bracket and cocommutator cobracket. For this purpose the balanceator \({\mathbf B}\colon A\otimes A\to A\otimes A\) is introduced. The \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra gives a Lie bialgebra if the balanceator is zero, in which case \(A\) is a balanced \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra. Two different ways of constructing a balanced \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra from any arbitrary \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra are given, one as a subalgebra and the other, dual to the first, as a quotient algebra of \(A\). Finally, Drinfeld's doubles for \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebras and Lie bialgebras are compared. One major difference is that \(D(A)\) for \(A\) an \(\varepsilon\)-bialgebra has a canonical associative form which is nondegenerate. When \(A\) is balanced, then \(D_b(A)\) is constructed, where \(D_b(A)\) is the quotient of \(D(A)\) with the radical of the form mentioned above.