\(L^p\) and BMO bounds of weighted Hardy-Littlewood averages (Q5953093)

Let \(\psi :[0,1]\rightarrow [0,\infty)\) be a measurable function and let \(U_{\psi }\) be the operator defined for functions on \(R^n\) by \(U_{\psi }f(x)=\int_0^1f(tx)\psi (t) dt\). If \(\psi \equiv 1\) and \(n=1\), then \(U_{\psi }\) is the Hardy averaging operator \(Uf(x)={1\over x}\int_0^xf\). In this paper, the author characterizes the functions \(\psi\) such that \(U_{\psi }\) is bounded in \(L^p(R^n)\), \(1\leq p\leq \infty\), and \(\text{BMO}(R^n)\). It is shown that \(U_{\psi }\) is bounded in \(L^p\) if and only if \(\int_0^{\infty }t^{-{n\over p}}\psi (t) dt <\infty\) and that \(U_{\psi }\) is bounded in BMO if and only if \(\int_0^{\infty }\psi (t) dt <\infty\). In both cases, the operator norms are computed. Similar results are obtained for the weighted Cesàro average \[ V_{\psi }f(x)= \int_0^1f\biggl({x\over t}\biggr)t^{-n}\psi (t) dt. \]