Perturbation of orthonormal bases in \(L^2\)-spaces (Q5953397)

Let \(\{f_j\}\) be an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(-\pi, \pi)\) and assume that \(\{h_j\}\) is a sequence belonging to the Sobolev space \(H^2(-\pi, \pi)\), for which \[ h_j(\pi)+h_j(-\pi)=h_j^\prime (\pi) + h_j^\prime(-\pi)=0. \] As an extension of a classical result by Paley and Wiener, the authors prove that if \(C:=\sup_j \int_{-\pi}^\pi |h_j^{\prime \prime}(x)|^2 dx\) is small enough, then \(\{f_j + f_jh_j\}\) is a Riesz basis for \(L^2(-\pi,\pi)\). Under different conditions, a similar result is obtained if \(C\) is replaced by \(\sup_j \int_{-\pi}^\pi |(1-x^2) h_j^{\prime \prime}(x)-2xh_j^\prime(x)|^2 dx\), and similar techniques lead to Riesz bases for \(L^2(0,\infty)\) and \(L^2(-\infty, \infty)\) via perturbation of orthonormal bases for these spaces.