Renormalization group and the Melnikov problem for PDE's (Q5953642)

Perturbations of Hamiltonians of the form \[ H(\phi, I, x, y)=\omega\cdot I+{1\over 2}(I\cdot gI) +{1\over 2}\sum_{k=1}^\infty(\mu_k^2|x_k|^2+|y_k|^2) +\lambda U(\phi, I, x) \] are considered, where \(\phi\in {\mathbf T}^d\) (the \(d\)-dimensional torus), \(I\in {\mathbb R}^d\), and \(x=(x_1, x_2, \ldots), y=(y_1, y_2, \ldots)\) are such that \(x_k, y_k\in {\mathbb R}^{d_k}\) for some \(d_k\geq 1\) satisfying \(d_k\leq\bar{d}\) uniformly in \(k\in {\mathbb N}\). Moreover, \(\omega\in {\mathbb R}^d\) denote the ``torus frequencies'', the \(\mu_k>0\) are the ``normal frequencies'', and \(g\) is a real symmetric invertible \((d\times d)\)-matrix. Under suitable growth and separation assumptions on the \(\mu_k\) and regularity assumptions on the perturbation \(U\) (basically, analyticity in a weighted space is required) it is shown that for every fixed \(\mu=(\mu_k)_{k\geq 1}\) and \(U\) there is \(\lambda_0>0\) and for each \(|\lambda|<\lambda_0\) a set of torus frequencies \(\Omega^\ast\subset {\mathbb R}^d\) (depending on \(\lambda\), \(\mu\), and \(U\)) such that for \(\omega\in\Omega^\ast\) the Hamiltonian system corresponding to \(H\) admits a solution of the form \((\phi(t), I(t), x(t))=(\omega t+\Phi(\omega t), J(\omega t), Z(\omega t))\). In addition, the solution is unique in this class up to translations, and the measure of the complement of \(\Omega^\ast\) in bounded sets tends to zero as \(\lambda\to 0\). An application is given to nonlinear wave equations \(u_{tt}=u_{xx}-mu-f(u)\) for \(x\in [0, 2\pi]\) with periodic boundary conditions and \(f(u)=u^3+O(u^4)\), where the existence of small amplitude quasiperiodic solutions is verified. The paper is good to read and contains full details.