Maximal holonomy of almost Bieberbach groups for \(\text{Heis}_5\) (Q5955157)

\(\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\) is the Heisenberg group of dimension \(2n+1\). An infra-nilmanifold \(M\) with \(\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\)-geometry is a compact manifold \(M=E\backslash\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\) where \(E\) is a torsion-free, discrete subgroup of the semi-direct product of \(\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\) with a compact subgroup \(C\) of \(\Aut(\text{Heis}_{2n+1})\). The fundamental group \(E\) (which is called an almost Bieberbach group) contains a cocompact lattice of \(\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\) with index bounded above by a universal constant \(I_{n+1}\). In other words, \(I_{n+1}\) is the maximal order of the holonomy groups of infra-nilmanifolds with \(\text{Heis}_{2n+1}\)-geometry. The authors prove that \(I_3=24\). They also illustrate the existence of an almost Bieberbach group \(E\) defining an infra-nilmanifold with \(\text{Heis}_5\)-geometry whose holonomy group is \(\mathbb{Z}_{12}\times\mathbb{Z}_2\) (and hence is of maximal order).