Numerical approximation of connecting orbits with asymptotic rate (Q5956188)

A theoretical study on the conditions of existence and the properties of connecting orbits with asymptotic rate on parameterized dynamical systems together with its numerical approximation are presented. For a given differential system (1) \(x'= f( x, \lambda)\), \(x(t) \in \mathbb{R}^m\), depending on a real vector parameter \(\lambda \in \mathbb{R}^p\) and a family of solutions \( y_{\lambda}(t)\), \(\lambda \in \Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^p \) a connecting orbit from \( W \) to \( y \) with asymptotic rate \( \gamma < 0 \) is a pair \( ( x(t), \lambda) \) where \( x(t) \) is a solution of (1) such that \( ( x(0), \lambda) \in W \) and \( \|x(t) - y_{\lambda}(t) \|\leq C e^{ \gamma t }\) for all \( t \geq 0 \). In the first part of the paper the author introduces the concepts of shifted exponential dichotomy and the implicit functions theorem in spaces of exponentially decaying functions in order to establish the existence of smooth manifolds of orbits that are \(\gamma\)-asymptotic with the family \( y_{\lambda}(t)\). Then to obtain approximations to the connecting orbits the author proposes to truncate the original problem to a finite interval \([0, T]\) with asymptotic boundary conditions at \(T\) as well as the initial condition \( ( x(0), \lambda) \in W, \) proving error estimations and convergence results depending on the nature of the connected orbits. Finally some numerical experiments with two examples are presented to show the behaviour of the proposed approach.