Canards in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (Q5957519)

The authors consider a three-dimensional system of singularly perturbed ordinary differential equations with a two-dimensional critical manifold. For normally hyperbolic critical manifolds, the geometric theory is complete. However, this theory breaks down in the neighbourhood of points where normal hyperbolicity is lost. The most common situations where this happens are folds and points of self-intersection of the critical manifold. Here, the authors focus on the phenomenon of canards which is also due to the loss of normal hyperbolicity. By analysing the reduced flow, the authors obtain canard solutions passing through a singularity on the fold-curve. They classify these singularities as folded saddles, folded nodes and folded saddle-nodes. The existence of canard solutions in the case of the folded saddle is proven. The authors show the existence of canards in the folded node case provided a generic nonresonance condition is satisfied and in a subcase of the folded saddle-node. The proof is based on the blow-up method.