Restriction categories. I: Categories of partial maps (Q5958307)

Given a category with a stable system of monics, one can form the corresponding category of partial maps. To each map in this category there is, on the domain of the map, an associated idempotent, which measures the degree of partiality. This structure is captured abstractly by the notion of a restriction category, in which every arrow is required to have such an associated idempotent. Categories with a stable system of monics, functors preserving this structure, and natural transformations which are cartesian with respect to the chosen monics, form a 2-category which we call \({\mathcal {MC}}at.\) The construction of categories of partial maps provides a 2-functor \({\mathcal P}ar: {\mathcal {MC}}at \rightarrow {\mathcal C}at\). We show that \({\mathcal P}ar\) can be made into an equivalence of 2-categories between \({\mathcal {MC}}at\) and a 2-category of restriction categories. The underlying ordinary functor \({\mathcal P}ar_{0}: {\mathcal {MC}}at_{0} \rightarrow {\mathcal C}at_{0}\) of the above 2-functor \({\mathcal P}ar\) turns out to be monadic, and, from this, we deduce the completeness and cocompleteness of the 2-categories of \({\mathcal M}\)-categories and of restriction categories. We also consider the problem of how to turn a formal system of subobjects into an actual system of subobjects. A formal system of subobjects is given by a functor into the category \(s{\mathcal L}at\) of semilattices. This structure gives rise to a restriction category which, via the above equivalence of 2-categories, gives an \({\mathcal M}\)-category. This \({\mathcal M}\)-category contains the universal realization of the given formal subobjects as actual subobjects.