On approximate derivatives and Krzyzewski-Foran lemma. (Q595859)

Let \(E\subset \mathbb{R}\) and \(g:E\to \mathbb{R}\). The author shows that if \(| g(E)| = 0\), then the inequalities \(g_{\text{ap}}(x)\leq 0\leq \overline{g}_{\text{ap}}(x)\) hold almost everywhere on \(E\). This result generalizes results of K. Krzyzewski and J. Foran. The author also improves the chain rule for approximate derivatives [\textit{J. Foran}, ``A chain rule for the approximate derivative and change of variables for the \(D\)-integrals'', Real Anal. Exch. 8, 443--454 (1983; Zbl 0548.26003)] and obtains necessary and sufficient conditions for its validity almost everywhere.