Quantum surfaces, special functions, and the tunneling effect (Q5959039)

This paper is a contribution to the study of connections between deformation quantization (star products) on a Poisson manifold \(M\) and deformation quantization on a symplectic leaf \(N\) of \(M\). Tangential star products on \(M\) do not exist in general (see [\textit{M. Cahen, S. Gutt} and \textit{J. Rawnsley}, Commun. Math. Phys. 180, No. 1, 99-108 (1996; Zbl 0859.17017)] for instance) and it is not possible to find star products \(\ast\) and \(\star\) on respectively \(M\) and \(N\) such that, for smooth functions \(f\) and \(g\) on \(M\) : \[ (f\ast g)_{|N}=f_{|N}\star g_{|N} \] where \(f \rightarrow f_{|N}\) is the restriction map. To avoid this difficulty and in order to relate a star product \(\ast\) defined on a algebra \({\mathcal F}(M)\) of smooth functions on \(M\) to a star product \(\star\) defined on a algebra \({\mathcal F}(N)\) of smooth functions on \(N\), the author introduces a map \(R : {\mathcal M}\rightarrow {\mathcal N}\) which is a deformation of the restriction map such that : \[ R(f)(x)=E(\xi (x),-i\hbar {\partial }/{\partial}\xi(x)).f(\xi (x)). \] Here the letters \(\xi\) and \(x\) designate points from \(M\) and \(N\), the equation \(\xi=\xi (x)\) determines the classical embedding \(N\subset M\) and the symbol \(E(\xi, \eta)\) is a smooth function on \(T^{\star}_{N}M \). If the map \(R\) satisfies the property \(R(f)\star R(g)=R(f\ast g)\) the author says that the quantum restriction map \(R\) defines a quantum embedding of \(N\) into \(M\). In the case where \(N\) is a Kähler manifold, the author defines (under integrability condition) a Wick-Klauder-Berezin star product on \(N\) by an integral formula. In this formula appear a Kähler form \(\omega\) and a reproducing measure \(m\) which are \(\hbar\)-deformations of classical Kähler form \(\omega_{0}\) and Liouville measure \(m_0\) on \(N\). An irreducible Hermitian representation of the algebra \(({\mathcal F}(M),\ast)\) on a Hilbert space of antiholomorphic sections of a line bundle over \(M\) is obtained by composition of Wick calculus and map \(R\). The author constructs quantum embeddings for two classes of examples. The first one is the case where \(M\) is the dual \({\mathfrak g}^{\star}\) of a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) and \(N\subset {\mathfrak g}^{\star}\) is an integral coadjoint orbit. It is assumed that \(\dim(N)\) is maximal and there is a \(\mathfrak g\)-invariant complex structure on \(N\) with respect to which the standard symplectic form \(\omega_0\) on \(N\) is Kählerian as in the situation described above. The star product \(\ast\) is the Weyl symmetrization on polynomials and \(\star\) is the Wick-Klauder-Berezin star product on \(N\). In this case, the author gives explicit formulas for the quantum restriction \(R\) for the function \(E\) and also for the ``star-exponential'' \(\exp(X)\rightarrow E(e^{iX /\hbar})\), (\(X \in {\mathfrak g }\)) defined on the group \(G=\exp({\mathfrak g})\). Representations of the group \(G\) and character formulas are obtained by use of Wick calculus. Precise computations are done in the case where \({\mathfrak g}=su(2)\) (it would be interesting to compare with \textit{C. Frønsdal}, Some ideas about quantization, Rep. Math. Phys. 15, 111-145 (1979; Zbl 0418.58011)]. The second type of examples is the case where the algebra \((F(M),\ast)\) is generated by non Lie permutation relations. A method of construction of quantum embedding based on the notion of complex polarization of quantum algebra and some examples of surfaces embedded in \({\mathbb R}^n\) are treated. The (quantum) form \(\omega\) and the measure \(m\) are related to special functions. For instance, in the case where \(N\) is a cylinder, the Kähler form \(\omega\) and the measure \(m\) differ from \(\omega_0\) and \(m_0\) and the differences are given by a theta series. Conclusion : this paper is full of exciting ideas on deformation quantization.