Difference operators on two-dimensional regular lattices (Q5959446)

Since 1997, an important class of two-dimensional Schrödinger finite-zone operators with respect to a single energy level had been introduced and discussed by A. B. Dubrovin, I. M. Kichever, S. P. Novikov and A. P. Veselov in several papers. The difference analogy theory of these problems can be found in the paper by \textit{A. P. Veselov}, \textit{I. M. Krichever} and \textit{S. P. Novikov} [Geometry Today, Int. Conf. Rome 1984, Progr. Math. 60, 283-301 (1985; Zbl 0575.35084)]. In continuing the difference analogue study, the author solves the direct and inverse problems at a single energy level for two classes of periodic self-adjoint difference operators defined on a square lattice. Let the plane curve \(C(L,E_0)\) determined by \(\det(E_0-L (\lambda_1, \lambda_2))=0\) be the spectral curve corresponding to a fixed energy level \(E_0\), here \(L(\lambda_1, \lambda_2)\) is the restriction of operator \(L\) to the quasi-periodic function space with the Floquet multipliers \(\lambda_1\) and \(\lambda_2\). Then the corresponding eigenfunction \(\psi\) satisfying \(L\psi=E_0\psi\), \(\psi(n_0) \equiv 1\) (where \(n_0\) is a fixed lattice point), is meromorphic on \(C(L,E_0)\) and has a divisor \(D(L,E_0)\) of singularities. The direct spectral problem is to describe the spectral curve \(C(L,E_0)\); the inverse problem is to reconstruct the operator \(L\) form the curve \(C(L,E_0)\) and the divisor \(D(L, E_0)\). The periodic self-adjoint difference operators given by formulas (1) and (2) are interesting but too long to be cited herein in details.