Every homotopy theory of simplicial algebras admits a proper model (Q5960421)

To axiomatize the notion of a ``homotopy theory'' \textit{D. G. Quillen} introduced closed model categories [``Homotopical Algebra'', Lect. Notes Math. 43 (1967; Zbl 0168.20903)], and produced a number of examples of such, one class of which are categories of simplicial algebras. In this paper is examined the case of simplicial algebras, i.e., simplicial objects in a category of algebras associated to an algebraic theory in the sense of \textit{F. W. Lawvere} [``Functorial semantics of algebraic theories'', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50, 869-872 (1963; Zbl 0119.25901)], and more generally the case of simplicial algebras over a multi-sorted, simplicial theory. This class of examples includes simplicial groups, rings etc. The author shows that any closed model category of simplicial algebras over an algebraic theory is Quillen equivalent to a proper closed model category. Theorem B. Let \(T\) be a (possibly simplicial, possibly multy-sorted) theory, and let \(T\)-alg be the corresponding category of simplicial \(T\)-algebras, equipped with a simplicial model category structure in which a map is a weak equivalence of fibrations if it is a weak equivalence or fibration of the underlying simplicial sets. Then there exists a morphism \(S\to T\) of simplicial theories such that: (1) the induced adjoint pair \(S\)-alg\(\leftrightarrows T\)-alg is a Quillen equivalence of model categories, and (2) \(S\)-alg is a proper simplicial closed model category. A corollary of this theorem is: Theorem A. The homotopy theory of a category of simplicial algebras always admits a proper model. The author remarks that ``Whether any reasonable homotopy theory (e.g., one associated to a model category) admits a proper model is an open question''. Theorem C. Given the hypotheses of Theorem B, suppose that in addition \(T\)-alg is a pointed category. Then \(S\) can be chosen as in Theorem B so that \(S\)-alg is also a pointed category. Theorem D. Given the hypotheses of Theorem B (respectively of Theorem C), the theory \(S\) can be chosen as in Theorem B (or Theorem C) so that \(S\)-alg is a cellular model category in the sense of \textit{P. Hirschhorn} [``Model categories and their localizations'', Preprint, \url{http://www-math.mit.edu/~psh}]. Corollary. For any set of maps in \(S\)-alg there is a localization model category structure with respect to this set.