Riemannian geometry of quantum groups and finite groups with nonuniversal differentials (Q5961019)

Global theory of noncommutative Riemannian geometry and Dirac operator were presented by the author [\textit{S. Majid}, J. Geom. Phys. 30, No. 2, 113-146 (1999; Zbl 0940.58004), hereafter referred to as [1]]. In this paper, local theory of noncommutative Riemannian geometry and Dirac operator are presented, and applied to quantum groups and finite groups. Detailed study of noncommutative Riemannian geometry of the permutation group \(S_3\) shows it is a noncommutative Einstein space. The outline of the paper is as follows: In Section 1, according to \textit{T. Brzeziński} and \textit{S. Majid} [Commun. Math. Phys. 157, No. 3, 591-638 (1993; Zbl 0817.58003); 167, No. 1, 235 (1995; Zbl 0823.58006)] quantum gauge theory is reviewed. Quantum gauge theory studies the quantum principal bundle \((P,H,\Delta_R)\) over \(M\), where \(P\) is an algebra, \(H\) a Hopf algebra, \(\Delta_R: P\to P\otimes H\) a right coaction and algebra map, \(M= P^H= \{p\mid\Delta_R(p)= p\otimes 1\}\), and \(P\) is flat as an \(M\)-bimodule. While quantum (noncommutative) Riemannian geometry studies quantum flame bundle \({\mathcal E}= (P\otimes V)^H\), \({\mathcal E}^*= \hom^H(V,P)\), where \(V\) is a right \(H\)-comodule. \({\mathcal E}\) and \({\mathcal E}^*\) are dual. Starting from these data, the author defined noncommutative metric, Riemann curvature, Ricci tensor and a Hodge \(*\)-operation. Moreover, associated to some other representation of \(H\), a spinor is defined to be an element of \({\mathcal S}= (P\otimes W)^H\), and choosing \(\gamma:{\mathcal E}\otimes_M{\mathcal E}\to{\mathcal E}\), a noncommutative Dirac operator is defined (Section 2, cf. [1]). Local quantum Riemannian geometry is the study of flame bundle-associated to the trivial quantum principal bundle \(P= M\otimes H\). In Section 3, precise form of connection in this case is determined (Theorem 3.3). Then by using this result, detailed structures of covariant derivative, Dirac operator, Riemann curvature, Ricci tensor and metric are computed (Section 3). In Section 4, these results are applied to quantum groups and Killing form metric on \(\mathbb{C}_q[G]\) is determined (Theorem 4.7). As the example, explicit computation for \(\mathbb{C}_q[\text{SU}_2]\) is given (Section 4). In section 5, the last Section, these results are applied to finite group function algebras \(\mathbb{C}[G]\) with differential calculi and Killing forms determined by a conjugacy class [cf. \textit{S. L. Woronowicz}, Commun. Math. Phys. 122, No. 1, 125-170 (1989; Zbl 0751.58042)]. Special attention is taken to the restriction on the gamma-matrices [\textit{A. Connes}, `Noncommutative Geometry', London-New York (1994; Zbl 0818.46076)] for the exterior algebra \(\Omega_{\mathbb{D}}\) should coincide with the author's approach, and a sufficient condition is given (Theorem 5.6). Applying this result to the results in Section 4, moduli spaces of torsion, cotorsion and both of torsion and cotorsion free connections of \(S_3\) are determined (Proposition 5.7 and Corollary 5.8). They are 12 (torsion-free or cotorsion-free metrics) and 2 (torsion and cotorsion-free metrics) dimensional spaces. The author says this allows to proceed a model of finite quantum gravity as the noncommutative Riemannian geometry of \(S_3\), and since bundle formalism is obtained, there is no problem introducing Maxwell or Yang-Mills fields and matter fields to this model. In this paper, such study is postponed. But precise computation of Levi-Cività connection on \(S_3\) is done. It shows the noncommutative Ricci curvature of \(S_3\) is essentially proportional to the metric (Proposition 5.9). It is also noted \(S_3\) is a noncommutative constant curvature space and this property reflects to the \(-1\) appearing in the explicit form of the Dirac operator \((\partial^a\gamma_a- 1\), Proposition 5.10).