Hyperflock determining line sets and totally regular parallelisms of \(\text{PG}(3,\mathbb{R})\) (Q5961996)

A totally regular parallelism in projective 3-space \(\text{PG}(3,\mathbb R)\) is a collection of regular spreads such that each line is contained in exactly one of them. The authors investigate parallelisms using the Klein correspondence with the Klein quadric \(H \subseteq \text{PG}(5,\mathbb R)\). A regular spread \(S\) corresponds to an elliptic subquadric \(Q \subseteq H\) with 3-dimensional span, whose polar with respect to \(H\) is a line \(\gamma (S)\) not intersecting \(H\). The authors show that under the map \(\gamma\), totally regular parallelisms correspond bijectively to `hyperflock determining line sets' (hfd line sets), that is, to sets of lines in \(P_5\) not intersecting \(H\), such that every tangent hyperplane of \(H\) contains exactly one of them. For a parallelism \(\Pi\), the authors define \(d = \dim \Pi := \dim \text{span} \gamma(\Pi)\). The condition \(d = 2\) characterizes the Clifford parallelisms. Examples with \(d = 3\) were constructed in earlier work of the authors [Result. Math. 47, No. 3--4, 226--241 (2005; Zbl 1088.51005); Adv. Geom. 8, No. 1, 11--32 (2008; Zbl 1149.51002); J.~Geom., to appear]. Here they construct examples with \(d = 4\) and with \(d = 5\). The examples are obtained from the following hfd line sets: Select a line \(D\) not intersecting \(H\). For each point \(p \in D\), let \(F(p)\) be an interior point with respect to the elliptic subquadric induced on the polar 3-space of \(D\) and take all lines containing \(p\) in the plane \(D \vee F(p)\). The resulting parallelism has dimension \(d = 2 + \dim \text{span} F(D)\), hence one obtains Clifford parallelisms (\(d=2\)) and parallelisms with any desired dimension \(d\), \(2<d\leq 5\). If the mapping \(F\) is continuous, then a topological parallelism is obtained, i.e., the operation of drawing the line parallel to a given line and containing a given point is continuous. The authors further present two more ways (of a similar nature) of constructing totally regular parallelisms.