Rational points of Shimura varieties: a principle of ``all or nothing'' (Q5962314)

A conjecture of Lang says that if we consider a projective variety \(Z\) defined over a number field \(F\), then {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] If there exists an embedding \(\sigma : F \hookrightarrow \mathbb{C}\) such that \(Z _{\sigma} = Z \otimes _{F, \sigma} \mathbb{C}\) is hyperbolic then that holds for every embedding of \(F\) into \(\mathbb{C}\). \item[2.] In this case, for any finite extension \(M\) of \(F\), the set \(Z(M)\) of \(M\)-points of \(Z\) is finite. \end{itemize}} The authors define and study a Lang's locus which is related to this conjecture. Namely, for any \(M\) as above, one can write \[ \overline{Z(M)} = \overline{Z(M)}^{>0} \cup \{P_1,\dots,P_{r(M)}\} \] where \(\overline{Z(M)}\) is a Zariski closure of \(Z(M)\) in \(Z\), and \(\overline{Z(M)}^{>0}\) is the union of irreducible components of positive dimension which sit in \(\overline{Z(M)}\). The Lang's locus \(Z^L\) is defined as the Zariski closure in \(Z\) of \(\bigcup _M \overline{Z(M)}^{>0}\), where the sum is taken over all finite extensions \(M\) of \(F\). Then the Lang's conjecture can be reformulated as saying that for a projective \(Z\) which is hyperbolic when extended to \(\mathbb{C}\) the Lang's locus \(Z^L\) is empty. In this paper, authors work in the setting of Shimura varietes \(S\) associated to a Shimura datum \((G,X)\) (we remark that \(S\) depends on the level). Let \(S^*\) be the Baily-Borel compactification of \(S\) and put \(S^L = S \cap (S^*)^L\). The main result of authors is of type ``all or nothing'', that is either we have \(S^L = \emptyset\) or \(S^L =S\). The paper is organized as follows. Firstly authors introduce a notion of a Lang's locus and check its basic properties. Then they recall necessary informations about hyperbolicity of Shimura varieties and begin the study of a Lang's locus of those varieties. The arithmetic of Shimura varieties is used by considering an action of the Hecke algebra. The key Proposition 3.5 shows (under certain assumptions) that \(S^L\) is contained in \(T_q S^L\) for any \(q \in G(\mathbb{Q})^+\), where \(T_q\) is a standard Hecke operator. From this authors deduce their main theorem by reducing to the case \(G\) adjoint and using the result on the monodromy groups of André and Deligne.