Integrable evolution equations on spaces of tensor densities and their peakon solutions (Q5962380)

The authors introduce two integrable generalizations of the inviscid Burgers and Degasperis-Procesi equation. They call them the \(\mu\)-Burgers equation, \[ -u_{txx} - 3 u_x u_{xx} - u u_{xxx} = 0, \] and the \(\mu\)-Degasperis-Procesi equation, \[ \mu(u_t) - u_{txx} + 3 \mu(u) u_x - 3 u_x u_{xx} - u u_{xxx} = 0, \] where \(\mu(u) = \int_0^1 u \,dx\) and periodic boundary conditions are assumed on \([0,1]\). These two equations are also related to the \(\mu\)-Camassa-Holm equation, \[ u_{txx} - 2 \mu(u) u_x + 2 u_x u_{xx} + u u_{xxx} = 0, \] which was earlier introduced by \textit{B. Khesin, J. Lenells}, and \textit{G. Misiolek} in [Math. Ann. 342, No. 3, 617--656 (2008; Zbl 1156.35082)]. The authors show that all these equations can be formally described as evolution equations on the space of tensor densities over the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields on the circle. The Lax pairs for both new equations are also obtained, establishing their integrability. The bi-Hamiltonian structure is constructed together with the associated infinite hierarchy of conserved laws. Local well-posedness of the periodic Cauchy problem for \(\mu\)-DP equation is established in Sobolev spaces. For some initial data, blow-up in finite time is shown. For the other data, global solutions are proven. Multi-peakon and other solutions are constructed for the \(\mu\)-DP equation. Finally, the \(\mu\)-Burgers equation is solved using a geometric construction, that explains its close relation to the inviscid Burgers equation. Multi-dimensional version of new integrable equations are also discussed.