The Eisenstein elements of modular symbols for level product of two distinct odd primes (Q5962781)

From the Introduction: ``In the present paper, we study elements of relative homology groups of the modular curve \(X_0(pq)\) that correspond to differential forms of the third kind with \(p\) and \(q\) distinct odd primes. As a consequence, we give an `effective' proof of the Manin-Drinfeld theorem''. ``For the special case of the image in \(H_1\big(X_0(pq), \mathbb{R}\big)\) of the path in \(H_1\big(X_0(pq), \partial \big( X_0(pq)\big),\mathbb{Z} \big)\) joining \(0\) and \(i\infty\). Since the algebraic parts of the special values of the \(L\)-function are obtained by integrating differential forms on these modular symbols, our explicit expression of the winding elements should be useful for understanding the algebraic parts of the special values at \(1\) of the \(L\)-functions of the quotient Jacobian of modular curves for the congruence subgroup \(\Gamma_0(pq)\).''