The special McKay correspondence and exceptional collections (Q5962816)

Let \(G< \mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{C})\) be finite small subgroup. By a result of the first author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 549, 221--233 (2002; Zbl 1057.14057)], the \(G\)-Hilbert scheme \(Y\) gives the minimal resolution of the quotient singularity \(\mathbb{A}^2/G\). If \(G<\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})\) it is known the resolution is crepant and it induces the equivalence of derived categories (McKay Correspondence): \[ \Phi:D^b(\text{coh } Y)\to D^b(\text{coh }[\mathbb{A}^2/G]). \] If \(G\not <\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})\), then \(Y\) is no longer a crepant resolution and \(\Phi\) is no longer an equivalence but is a full and faithful embedding with admissible essential image, which is generated by \(\{\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{A}^2}\otimes\rho\}\) where \(\rho\) runs over the special irreducible representations of \(G\). The main result of the paper under review proves that for a suitable fully faithful functor \[ \Phi':D^b(\text{coh } Y)\to D^b(\text{coh }[\mathbb{A}^2/G]) \] there is an exceptional collection \(E_1,\dots, E_n \in D^b(\text{coh }[\mathbb{A}^2/G]) \) and a semi-orthogonal decomposition \[ D^b(\text{coh }[\mathbb{A}^2/G])=\langle E_1,\dots,E_n, \Phi'(D^b(\text{coh } Y))\rangle, \] where \(n\) is the number of non-special irreducible representations of \(G\). If \(G\) is cyclic then one can take \(\Phi'=\Phi\). This result can be viewed as a continuation of the result of Craw-Wemyss that describes \(D^b(\text{coh } Y)\) as the derived category of modules over the path algebra of the special McKay quiver. From this, the paper under review deduces the global version in which \(\mathcal{X}\) is the canonical stack associated to a surface \(X\) with at worst quotient singularities. The proof of the main result consists of several steps. It is first proven for cyclic subgroups. Next, for \(G_0=G\cap \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})\) which is a normal subgroup of \(G\), and \(A=G/G_0\) one obtains an equivalence \[ \Phi_0:D^b(\text{coh } [Y_0/A])\to D^b(\text{coh }[\mathbb{A}^2/G]) \] where \(Y_0\) is the \(G_0\)-Hilbert scheme. The stack \([Y_0/A]\) is obtained by the iterated root constructions from a canonical stack whose coarse moduli space has a minimal resolution isomorphic to a (non-minimal resolution) of \(\mathbb{A}^2/G\). The theorem is proven by finding the orthogonal decompositions the derived categories of these various intermediate stacks and resolutions.