Aromatic Butcher series (Q5963083)

This paper introduces a new type of Butcher series (B-series), called aromatic B-series. The authors derive an explicit description of aromatic B-series in terms of elementary differentials associated to aromatic trees. Moreover, they show that, under a few assumptions, a numerical integrator has an expansion in the form of an aromatic B-series. The great contribution of this paper is that the authors are able to find a series expansion for a class of methods, which is not described explicitly. Within this context, a new class of Runge-Kutta methods is also defined. It is called aromatic Runge-Kutta methods and extend the classical Runge-Kutta methods. This new class of methods is dense in the space of aromatic B-series. This remarkable paper ends with some challenging questions which hopefully will be answered by future research.