A sharp quantitative isoperimetric inequality in hyperbolic \(n\)-space (Q5963597)

Quantitative versions of classical geometric inequalities have become an active field of research in recent years. The isoperimetric inequality states that \(P(E)\geq n\omega_n^{1/n}|E|^{(n-1)/n}\), where \(P\) denotes the perimeter, \(\omega_n\) is the measure of the unit ball \(B\subset{\mathbb R}^n\), and \(E\subset{\mathbb R}^n\) is any Borel set with finite Lebesgue measure \(|E|\). Equality holds if and only if \(E\) is a ball. In [Ann. Math. (2) 168, No. 3, 941--980 (2008; Zbl 1187.52009)], \textit{N. Fusco} et al. proved a quantitative sharp form of the classical isoperimetric inequality. If \[ \delta(E)=\frac{P(E)}{n\omega_n^{1/n}|E|^{(n-1)/n}}-1 \] denotes the isoperimetric deficit of \(E\), \(\alpha(E)=\min\left\{\frac{d(E,x+rB)}{r^n}:x\in{\mathbb R}^n\right\}\) is the Fraenkel asymmetry of \(E\), where \(r>0\) is such that \(|rB|=|E|\) and \(d(E,F)=|E\Delta F|\) denotes the measure of the symmetric difference between the Borel sets \(E\) and \(F\), then the authors of [loc. cit.] showed that there exists a constant \(C(n)\) such that \[ \alpha(E)\leq C(n)\delta(E)^{1/2}.\leqno{(*)} \] In this paper, the authors prove the isoperimetric inequality in the hyperbolic \(n\)-space \(\mathbb H^n\). If \(E\subset\mathbb H^n\) is a measurable set and \(\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\subset\mathbb H^n\) is a geodesic ball with the same volume as \(E\), then \(\mathbf{P}(E)\geq\mathbf{P(B}_\rho(x_0))\) and the corresponding inequality to \((*)\) is \(\frac{\mathbf{D}(E)}{\mathbf{P(B}_\rho)}\geq C\left(\frac{\boldsymbol{\alpha}(E)}{\mathbf{V(B}_\rho)}\right)^2\), where \(\mathbf{P}\) stands for the hyperbolic perimeter, \(\mathbf{V}\) is the hyperbolic volume, the isoperimetric deficit is \(\mathbf{D}(E)=\mathbf{P}(E)-\mathbf{P}(\mathbf{B}_\rho)\), and the hyperbolic Fraenkel asymmetry index is defined as \(\boldsymbol{\alpha}(E)=\min\mathbf{V}(E\Delta\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0))\). The Fraenkel asymmetry index \(\boldsymbol{\alpha}\) measures the \(L^1\)-distance between the set \(E\) and an optimal geodesic ball of the same volume. The authors introduce the \(L^2\)-oscillation index \(\boldsymbol{\beta}\) which measures the oscillations of the outer normal to a set \(E\) relative to the outer normal of geodesic balls \(\mathbf{B}_\rho\) with the same volume as \(E\) and use it in their proof. If \(\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\) is a geodesic ball with volume \(\mathbf{V}(E)\), \(\pi\) is the nearest point retraction of \(\mathbb H^n\) onto \(\partial\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\), and comparing the outer unit normal \(\nu_E(x)\in T_x\mathbb H^n\) with the outer unit normal \(\nu_{\mathbf{B}_{\rho(x_0)}}(\pi(x))\in T_{\pi(x)}\mathbb H^n\) to \(\partial\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\) in \(\pi(x)\) by using the parallel transport \(\Pi_{\pi(x),x}:T_{\pi(x)}\mathbb H^n\to T_{x}\mathbb H^n\) between the two tangent spaces, then the \(L^2\)-oscillation index of \(E\) with respect to \(\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\) is defined as \[ \boldsymbol{\beta}(E;x_0)=\left[\frac12\int_{\partial E}\left|\nu_E(x)-\Pi_{\pi(x),x}(\nu_{\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)}(\pi(x)))\right|^2_hd\sigma_h(x)\right]^\frac12. \] The \(L^2\)-oscillation index of \(E\) is \(\boldsymbol{\beta}(E)=\min_{x_0\in\mathbb H^n}\boldsymbol{\beta}(E;x_0)\) over all balls \(\mathbf{B}_\rho(x_0)\subset\mathbb H^n\) with \(\mathbf{V(B}_\rho(x_0))=\mathbf{V}(E)\). The authors show that for any \(R_0>0\) there exists a constant \(C(n,R_0)>0\) such that for any set \(E\subset\mathbb H^n\) of finite perimeter with volume \(\mathbf{V}(E)=\mathbf{V(B}_\rho)\) for some \(\rho\in(0, R_0]\), the inequality \(\mathbf{D}(E)\geq C(n,R_0)\,\boldsymbol{\beta}^2(E)\) holds.