Solvability of linear differential systems with small exponents in the Liouvillian sense (Q5964207)

Let \(\mathbb{C}\) be the field of complex numbers and \(F=\mathbb{C}(z)\). The paper deals with a system of linear differential equations of the form \[ \frac{dy}{dz}=By,\quad B\in {{M}_{F}}(n).\tag{1} \] It is well known if the Galois group of system (1) is triangular then the matrix \(B\) can be reduced to a triangular form \({{B}^{*}}\) by a gage transformation \[ {{B}^{*}}=TB{{T}^{-1}}+{T}'{{T}^{-1}},T\in \mathrm{GL}_F(n). \] It is shown that if the eigenvalues of the residue matrices satisfy certain conditions, we can select the transformation so that \(T\in \mathrm{GL}_{\mathbb C}(n) \). In particular, for a Fuchsian system \[ \frac{dy}{dz}=(\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}{\frac{{{B}_{i}}}{z-{{a}_{i}}})}y, \,\;({{a}_{1}},\ldots ,{{a}_{m}}\in \mathbb{C},{{B}_{1}},\ldots ,{{B}_{m}}\in {{M}_{\mathbb{C}}}(n)) \tag{2} \] the following theorem is proved (see Theorem 3.1, \textit{V. P. Leksin} [J. Math. Sci., New York 208, No. 2, 229--239 (2015; Zbl 1339.34097); translation from Probl. Mat. Anal. 80, 73--81 (2015)]). {Theorem .} Let the eigenvalues \(\beta _{i}^{j}\) of the residue matrices \({B_i}\) of the Fuchsian system (2) satisfy the conditions \[ \text{Re}\beta _{i}^{j}>-\frac{1}{m(n-1)},\;i=1,\ldots ,m,\;j=1,\ldots ,n, \] and each difference \(\beta _{i}^{j}-\beta _{i}^{l}\notin \mathbb{Q}\backslash \mathbb{Z}\). Then the solvability of the Fuchsian system (2) by quadratures is equivalent to the simultaneous triangularity of the matrices \({B_i}\).