Free filtrations of affine Weyl arrangements and the ideal-Shi arrangements (Q5964806)

The authors study the notion of freeness for hyperplane arrangements and they show for instance that the so-called ideal Shi arrangements are free and satisfy the dual partition formulae. Let us recall the most important results of the paper. Let \(\Phi\) be an irreducible crystallographic root system of rank \(\ell\) over the real numbers and denote by \(\triangle = \{ \alpha_{1}, ..., \alpha_{\ell} \}\) a simple system of \(\Phi\). Denote additionally by \(\Phi^{+}\) the corresponding positive system. An ideal \(I \subset \Phi^{+}\) is a set such that if \(\alpha \in I\), \(\beta \in \Phi^{+}\) with \(\alpha -\beta \in \sum_{i=1}^{\ell} \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} \alpha_{i}\), then \(\beta \in I\). Now for any subset \(\Sigma \subset \Phi^{+}\) we defined the associated hyperplane arrangement \[ \mathcal{A}(\Sigma) := \{H_{\alpha} : \alpha \in \Sigma \}, \] where \(H_{\alpha}\) is the hyperplane perpendicular to \(\alpha\) in the \(\ell\)-dimensional Euclidean space. Let \(V\) be the \((\ell+1)\)-dimensional Euclidean space with a basis \(\triangle \cup \{z\}\), where \(z\) is a unit vector perpendicular to each \(\alpha_{i}\). For \(j \in \mathbb{Z}\) and \(\alpha \in \Phi^{+}\) we define hyperplanes \[ H_{\alpha}^{j} = \{\alpha - jz = 0\} \,\,\, \text{and} \,\,\, H_{z} = \{z = 0\}. \] Now for \(k \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}\) and an ideal \(I\subseteq \Phi^{+}\) we define the ideal Shi arrangements in \(V\) by \[ \mathcal{S}_{+I}^{k} = \{H_{\alpha}^{j} : \alpha \in \Phi^{+}, -k+1 \leq j \leq k \} \cup \{H_{z}\} \cup \{ H_{\alpha}^{-k} : \alpha \in I\}, \] \[ \mathcal{S}_{-I}^{k} = \left(\{H_{\alpha}^{j} : \alpha \in \Phi^{+}, -k+1 \leq j \leq k \} \cup \{H_{z}\}\right) \setminus \{ H_{\alpha}^{k} : \alpha \in I\}. \] We are ready to formulate the first main result. Theorem 1. All the ideal Shi arrangements \(\mathcal{S}_{\pm I}^{k}\) are free. It turns out that the exponents of ideal Shi arrangements can be computed using the notion of dual partitions, which is done in Theorem 1.3. Another result of the paper shows that the filtration of a certain cone of the affine Weyl arrangements is free and saturated (please consult Theorem 1.5 and the Introduction for details). The last main result of the paper provides the following general characterization, i.e., instead of considering ideals \(I\) one can take an arbitrary subset \(\Sigma \subset \Phi^{+}\). Theorem 2. For \(k \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}\) and an arbitrary subset \(\Sigma \subset \Phi^{+}\) we define \[ \mathcal{S}_{+\Sigma}^{k} = \{H_{\alpha}^{j} : \alpha \in \Phi^{+}, -k+1 \leq j \leq k \} \cup \{H_{z}\} \cup \{ H_{\alpha}^{-k} : \alpha \in \Sigma\}, \] \[ \mathcal{S}_{-\Sigma}^{k} = \left(\{H_{\alpha}^{j} : \alpha \in \Phi^{+}, -k+1 \leq j \leq k \} \cup \{H_{z}\}\right) \setminus \{ H_{\alpha}^{k} : \alpha \in \Sigma\}. \] Then the arrangement \(\mathcal{S}_{+\Sigma}^{k}\) is free with exponents \((1, kh+m_{1}, ..., kh+m_{\ell})\) if and only if the arrangement \(\mathcal{S}_{-\Sigma}^{k}\) is free with exponents \((1, kh - m_{1}, ..., kh - m_{\ell})\). In this case, the arrangement \(\mathcal{A}(\Sigma)\) is also free with exponents \((m_{1}, ..., m_{\ell})\).