Non-degenerate Liouville tori are KAM stable (Q5965065)

The author considers a Hamiltonian system on the torus \(\mathbb{T}^n= \mathbb{R}^n/\mathbb{Z}^n\) for \(n\geq 2\) with the Hamiltonian NEWLINE\[NEWLINEH(\theta,I)= \omega\cdot I+A(\theta)I\cdot I+ R(\theta, I)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for \((\theta,T)\in \mathbb{T}^n\times \mathbb{R}^n\). Here, the dot denotes the inner product, \(\omega\in \mathbb{R}^n\) is a non-resonant vector (so \(k\cdot\omega\neq 0\) for any \(k\in\mathbb{Z}^n-\{0\}\)), \(A(\theta)\) is a real \(n\times n\) symmetric matrix for each \(\theta\), and \(R(\theta,I)\) is of order at least \(3\) in \(I\). The Hamiltonian \(H\) is assumed to be at least \(C^2\).NEWLINENEWLINE The set \(T_\omega= \mathbb{T}^n\times\{I= 0\}\) is invariant under the Hamiltonian flow and is a Lagrangian quasi-periodic torus with frequency \(\omega\). This torus is said to be Kolmogorov non-degenerate if the symmetric matrix \(A_0= \int_{\mathbb{T}^n} A(\theta)\,d\theta\) is non-singular.NEWLINENEWLINE The author proves that the torus \(T_\omega\) is KAM-stable provided it is Kolmogorov non-degenerate and the Hamiltonian is \(C^\ell\) for \(\ell\) sufficiently large. If \(H\) is \(C^\infty\), then the KAM tori are smooth. Otherwise, they are only finitely differentiable. The author also establishes that the tori are \(\alpha\)-Gevrey if \(H\) is \(\alpha\)-Gevrey and \(\alpha\geq 1\) (cf. [\textit{L. H. Eliasson} et al., Duke Math. J. 164, No. 9, 1733--1775 (2015; Zbl 1366.37126)]).