Completely decomposable abelian groups \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over a subgroup (Q5966713)

Let \(L(P)=\{+,P\}\) be the language of abelian groups extended by a unary predicate \(P\). Let \(A\) be an abelian group and \(B\) be a subgroup of \(A\). We denote by \((A,B)\) the \(L(P)\)-structure associated with these groups. We say that \((A,B)\) is \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over \(P\) if \(A\) is countable and also if for any pairs of countable groups \((C,D)\), \((C',D)\) elementarily equivalent to \((A,B)\) there is an isomorphism between \(C\) and \(C'\) whose restriction to \(D\) is the identity. This paper investigates the decomposability of such pairs of abelian groups, as direct sum of pairs of a simple form. If there exists such a decomposition for some pair elementarily equivalent to \((A,B)\) then we say that the theory of \((A,B)\) is completely decomposable. It is shown that there are pairs \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over \(P\) whose theory is not completely decomposable. But a first-order condition (niceness) satisfied by all pairs \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over \(P\) is given. Finally it is shown that for any nice pair \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over \(P\) there is a pair almost completely decomposable, elementarily equivalent to it (there is some problem only with \(2\)-elements). This gives a completely satisfactory description of nice pairs of abelian groups \(\aleph_ 0\)-categorical over \(P\). For a complete characterization of pairs of abelian groups \(\aleph_ 0\)- categorical over \(P\), see the author's earlier paper [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 69, 193-204 (1990; Zbl 0722.03033)]. This last paper also gives an axiomatization of the theory of such pairs.