Formal multiplications, bialgebras of distributions and nonassociative Lie theory (Q601761)

This review follows the abstract of the article with very few comments. The authors describe the general nonassociative version of Lie theory that relates unital formal multiplications (formal loops), Sabinin algebras and nonassociative bialgebras. Additional information on this approach is found in [\textit{J. M. Pérez Izquierdo}, ``Four lectures on formal nonassociative Lie theory'', Quasigroups Relat. Syst. 19, No. 1, 133--168 (2011; Zbl 1293.17042)]. Starting with a formal multiplication they construct a nonassociative bialgebra, namely, the bialgebra of distributions with the convolution product. Considering the primitive elements in this bialgebra gives a functor from formal loops to Sabinin algebras. They compare this functor to the functor of \textit{P. O. Mikheev} and \textit{L. V. Sabinin} [``Quasigroups and differential geometry'', Quasigroups and loops: theory and applications, Sigma Ser. Pure Math. 8, 357--430 (1990; Zbl 0721.53018)] and show although the brackets given by both constructions coincide, the multioperator does not. They also show how identities in loops produce identities in bialgebras. While associativity in loops translate into associativity in algebras, other loop identities (such as the Moufang identity) produce new algebra identities. Finally, they define a class of unital formal multiplications for which Ado's theorem, a crucial tool for the transit from a formal loop to a smooth local loop, holds and give examples of formal loops outside this class. A by-product of the constructions of this paper is a new identity on Bernoulli numbers. The authors give two proofs: one coming from the formula for the nonassociative logarithm, and the other (due to D. Zagier) using generating functions.