Infinitely many solutions for a class of resonant problems (Q6039672)

The author considers radially symmetric solutions for the following class of resonant problems on \(B\), the unit ball in \(\mathbb R^n\) centered at \(0\): \[ \begin{cases} \Delta u+\lambda_1 u+g(u)=\mu_1\phi_1+e(|x|) & \text{ in }B\\ u=0 & \text{ on }\partial B, \end{cases} \] where (\(\lambda_1\), \(\phi_1\)) are the first Dirichlet eigenvalue and eigenfunction on \(B\), \(e\in\phi_1^{\perp}\), and \(g\) is periodic with zero mean. A solution is given by a pair \((u,\mu_1)\). Under suitable assumptions, discussed by the author, solutions \((u,\mu_1)\) can be represented as a single continuous curve \(\xi_1\mapsto(u,\mu_1)(\xi_1)\); moreover, \(u\) is radial, namely \(u=u(|x|)\). Concerning oscillations of the curve of radial solutions, the author distinguishes different regimes depending on the dimension \(n\): \begin{itemize} \item For \(1\leq n\leq 3\), \(\mu_1(\xi_1)\) changes sign infinitely many times. \item For \(n=4,5,6\), \(\mu_1(\xi_1)\) may either change sign infinitely or finitely many times, depending on \(g\) and its zero-mean primitives. The conditions differ in the three cases and are carefully discussed. \item For \(n\geq 7\) there are at most a finite number of sign changes under suitable conditions on the second and third zero-mean primitives of \(g\). \end{itemize} More general results are obtained in the one-dimensional case without requiring that \(g\) is periodic. As a corollary, the author provides conditions under which problem \[ \begin{cases} \Delta u+\lambda_1 u+g(u)=e(|x|) & \text{ in }B\\ u=0 & \text{ on }\partial B, \end{cases} \] has finitely or infinitely many solutions.