Noncommutative Novikov algebras (Q6040520)

The variety of Novikov algebras is one of the most important classes of nonassociative algebras. An algebra \(A\) is called a Novikov algebra, if it satisfies two following identities \begin{center} \((uv)w = (uw)v\) and \((u v) w-u(vw) = (v u) w-v(uw).\) \end{center} An associative commutative algebra \(A\) with a derivation \(d\) gives the main example of Novikov algebras. It is known that under new multiplication \(u \circ v= u d(v)\), it gives a Novikov algebra. The last example motivates a non-commutative analog of this construction. Starting from an associative (but not necessarily commutative) algebra \(A\) with a derivation \(d\) we obtain a system with two new operations \(\prec\) and \(\succ\) on the space \(A\) defined as follows: \begin{center} \(a \prec b = ad(b),\) and \(a \succ b = d(a)b.\) \end{center} In [\textit{J.-L. Loday}, Georgian Math. J. 17, No. 2, 347--372 (2010; Zbl 1237.18007)], two identities of degree \(3\) that hold for such operations \(\prec\) and \(\succ\) were found: \begin{center} \(x \succ (y \prec z) = (x \succ y) \prec z,\) \ \((x \prec y) \succ z - x \succ (y \succ z) = x \prec (y \succ z) - (x \prec y) \prec z.\) \end{center} It was shown in [\textit{P. S. Kolesnikov} et al., J. Algebra 539, 260--284 (2019; Zbl 1448.17023)] that there are no more independent identities that hold for the operations above on all differential associative algebras. This is the reason for the following definition. Definition 1.1 A noncommutative Novikov algebra is a linear space \(V\) over a field \(k\) equipped with two bilinear operations \(\prec\) and \(\succ\) satisfying the identities described by Loday in 2010. The structure theory of Novikov algebras started with a paper by \textit{E. I. Zel'manov} [Sov. Math., Dokl. 35, 216--218 (1987; Zbl 0629.17002); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 292, 1294--1297 (1987)], where it was shown that a finite-dimensional simple Novikov algebra over an algebraically closed field of zero characteristic is \(1\)-dimensional. Surprisingly, the class of noncommutative Novikov algebras has many simple algebras. Some of them were described in Example 2.1. Namely, Let \(A = M_n(k),\) and let \(d\) be the inner derivation \(d(x) = [a, x],\) where \(a =\mathrm{diag}(a_1, \ldots , a_n).\) If \(a_1, \ldots , a_n \in k\) are pairwise different scalars then \(A^{(d)}\) (constructed by the method described above) is a simple noncommutative Novikov algebra. The rest of the paper is dedicated to proving Theorem 4.2: For every noncommutative Novikov algebra \(D\) there exists an associative algebra \(A\) with a derivation \(d\) such that \(D \subseteq A^{(d)}.\)