Extensions of dissipative and symmetric operators (Q6042619)

The paper under review is devoted to one of the classic subjects of operator theory -- the description of all maximal dissipative extensions of a skew-symmetric operator on a real or complex Hilbert space \(V\). One of the classical approaches to solving this problem is based on the theory of \textit{boundary triples}. The authors' approach is based on the notion of \textit{boundary quadruples}, which they define as follows. Let \(A_0\) be a skew-symmetric operator with dense domain. Then \(A_0\) is a restriction of \(A := -A_0^*\). A~\textit{boundary quadruple} \((H_-, H_+, G_-, G_+)\) consists of pre-Hilbert spaces \(H_-, H_+\) and surjective linear mappings \(G_- : D(A) \to H_-\) and \(G_+ : D(A) \to H_+\) such that \(\langle Au, v\rangle_V + \langle u, Av\rangle_V = \langle G_+u, G_+v\rangle_{H_+} - \langle G_-u, G_-v\rangle_{H_-} \) for all \(u, v \in D(A)\), with the additional condition \(\operatorname{ker} G_- + \operatorname{ker} G_+ = D(A)\). A boundary quadruple always exists (even if the defect indices are different in the symmetric case). A parametrization of all \(m\)-dissipative extensions in terms of contractions \(\Phi :H_- \rightarrow H_+\), where \(H_-\) and \(H_+\) are Hilbert spaces associated with a boundary quadruple, is obtained. Such an extension generates a unitary \(C_0\)-group if and only if \(\Phi\) is a unitary operator. As a corollary, the authors obtain the parametrization of all selfadjoint extensions of a symmetric operator by unitary operators from \(H_-\) to \(H_+\).