Mean square value of \(L\)-functions at \(s=1\) for non-primitive characters, Dedekind sums and bounds on relative class numbers (Q6043652)

Let \(p>2\) be an odd prime and \(X_p^{-}\) be the set of odd Dirichlet characters modulo \(p\). The mean square value \(M_p\) of \(L(1,\chi)\) as \(\chi\) ranges through characters in \(X_p^{-}\) is given by \[ M_p=\frac{2}{p-1} \sum_{\chi \in X_p^{-}} |L(1,\chi)|^2=\frac{\pi^2}{6} \left(1-\frac{1}{p}\right)\left(1-\frac{2}{p}\right). \] Let \(d_0>1\) be square-free. For \(p\nmid d_0\) and \(\chi\in X_p^{-}\) let \(\chi'\) be the non-primitive character modulo \(d_0p\) induced by \(\chi\). Then, \[ L(1,\chi)=\prod_{\substack{q~{\text{prime}}\\ q\mid d_0}} \left(1-\frac{\chi(q)}{q}\right)^{-1} L(1,\chi'). \] Put \[ \Pi_p^{-}(d_0):=\prod_{\substack{q~{\text{prime}}\\ q\mid d_0}} \prod_{\chi\in X_p^{-}} \left(1-\frac{\chi(q)}{q}\right)\qquad {\text{and}}\qquad M_{d_0}(p):=\frac{2}{p-1}\sum_{\chi \in X_p^{-}} |L(1,\chi')|^2. \] The author gives a formula for \(M_{d_0}(p)\) (Theorem 3.1) in terms of certain Dedekind sums. He also presents lower bounds on \(\Pi_{p}^{-}(d_0)\). Using the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality he deduces upper bounds on \(h_p^{-}\) the relative class number of the cyclotomic number field of prime conductor \(p\ge 3\). For example, the last item of Theorem 5.2 asserts that \[ h_p^{-1}\le \frac{26 p}{5} \left(\frac{32p+649/18}{1225}\right)^{(p-1)/4} \] for all \(p\ge 11\).