Positive solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations with Fuchsian potentials in Wolff class (Q6044483)

The authors describe the asymptotic behavior near an isolated singular point of positive solutions to the quasilinear elliptic equation \(-\operatorname{div}(\left\vert \nabla u\right\vert _{A}^{p}-A\nabla u)+V\left\vert u\right\vert ^{p-2}u=0\) posed in the domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}\), \(d\geq 2\), where \( \left\vert \xi \right\vert _{A(x)}^{p}=\sum_{i,j=1}^{d}a_{ij}(x)\xi _{i}\xi _{j}\), \(1<p<d\), \(A=(a_{ij})\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{\infty }(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{d\times d})\) being a symmetric and locally uniformly positive definite matrix, and \(V \) is a real valued potential belonging to the Wolff space \[\mathfrak{W} _{\mathrm{loc}}^{p}(\Omega )=\left\{ f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\Omega ):\lim_{r\rightarrow 0}\left( \sup_{x\in \omega }\int_{0}^{r}\left[ \frac{1}{s^{d-p}}\int_{\omega \cap B_{s}(x)}\left\vert f(y)\right\vert dy\right] ^{\frac{1}{p-1}}\frac{ds}{ s}\right) =0\right\}.\] The function \(\xi \rightarrow \left\vert \xi \right\vert_{A(x)}^{p}\) is supposed to be a locally strong convex function: there exists \(\overline{p}\geq p\) such that for every \(\omega \Subset \Omega\), there exists a positive constant \(C_{\omega }(\overline{p})\) such that \[ \left\vert \xi \right\vert_{A}^{p}-\left\vert \eta \right\vert_{A^{p}}^p\left\vert \eta \right\vert _{A}^{p-2}A(x)\eta \cdot (\xi -\eta )\geq C_{\omega }(\overline{p})\left\vert \xi -\eta \right\vert _{A}^{\overline{p}},\; \forall \xi ,\eta \in \mathbb{R}^{d}\text{ and a.e. }x\in \omega.\] The authors define a weak solution to the above equation as a function \( v\in W_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1,p}(\Omega )\) which satisfies the variational formulation: \[ \int_{\Omega }(\left\vert \nabla v\right\vert _{A}^{p-2}A\nabla v\cdot \nabla \varphi +V\left\vert v\right\vert ^{p-2}v\varphi )dx=0,\;\forall \varphi \in C_{c}^{\infty }(\Omega ).\] They also define a positive solution of minimal growth in a neighborhood of infinity in \(\Omega \) and a positive solution of minimal growth in a neighborhood of \(\partial \Omega \setminus \{\zeta \}\). The operator \(Q_{p,A,V}\) has a Fuchsian-type singularity at an isolated point \(\zeta \in \{0,\infty \}\) of \(\partial \Omega \) if there exists a punctured neighborhood \(\Omega ^{\prime }\subset \Omega \) of \(\zeta \) such that the matrix \(A\) is bounded and uniformly elliptic in \(\Omega ^{\prime }\) and there exists a positive constant \(C\) and \(R_{0}>0\) such that \(\left\Vert V\right\Vert _{\mathfrak{W}^{p}(\mathcal{A}_{R}\cap \Omega ^{\prime })}\leq C\), for all \(0<R<R_{0}\) if \(\zeta =0\), and \(R>R_{0}\) if \( \zeta =\infty \). Here \(\mathcal{A}_{R}=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}\mid R/2\leq \left\vert x\right\vert <3R/2\}\). The first main result proves that the above equation admits a positive solution of minimal growth in a neighborhood of \(\partial \Omega \setminus \{\zeta \}\). The authors first recall properties of Morrey, Kato and Wolff spaces. They prove a Harnack convergence, weak maximum and weak comparison principles in the Wolff space \( \mathfrak{W}_{\mathrm{loc}}^{p}(\Omega )\), and they quote earlier results they proved. They prove a uniform Harnack inequality and a sufficient condition for \(\zeta \) to be a regular point of the operator \(Q_{p,A,V}\). They finally prove a Liouville theorem for two positive solutions of the above equation in a punctured neighborhood of a weak Fuchsian-type singularity \(\zeta \).