Convergence of nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics for planar flows (Q6044883)

The authors consider the incompressible two-dimensional nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics (NELD) equation \[ \left\{\begin{array}{l} d\mathbf{q} = (\mathbf{p}+A\mathbf{q})dt,\\ d\mathbf{p} = -\nabla V(\mathbf{q})dt -\gamma \mathbf{p}dt + \sigma dW_t, \end{array}\right. \] where \(V\) is a smooth potential and \(\sigma^2=2\gamma/\beta\) is the fluctuation coefficient and \(\beta\) the inverse temperature. The position and momentum of the particle \((\mathbf{q},\mathbf{p})\) vary in the domain \(\mathcal{L}^d_t\times\mathbb{R}^{3d}\) where \(\mathcal{L}_t=\left\{\, \widehat{L}_t\mathbf{x}\,\mid\, \mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{R}^3\backslash\mathbb{Z}^3\,\right\} \) and \(\widehat{L}_t\mathbf{x}= e^{[t]A}L_0\) (\([t]\equiv t\) mod \(T\), \(L_t\) defines a remapped periodic lattice with period \(T\)). They use automorphism remapping periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) such as Lees-Edwards PBCs [\textit{A. W. Lees} and \textit{S. F. Edwards}, J. Phys. C, Solid State Phys. 5, No. 15 (1972; \url{doi:10.1088/0022-3719/5/15/006})] and Kraynik-Reinelt PBCs [\textit{A. M. Kraynik} and \textit{D. A. Reinelt}, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 18, No. 6, 1045--1059 (1992; Zbl 1144.76408)]to treat respectively shear flow and planar elongational flow. Assuming a uniform Lyapounov condition, they prove that the Markov process \((\mathbf{q}_t,\mathbf{p}_t)\) converges exponentially fast to a steady-state limit cycle.