Twists by Dirichlet characters and polynomial Euler products of \(L\)-functions (Q6046933)

Let us recall some basic definitions. The twist of a function \[ F(s) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{a(n)}{n^s} \] from the extended Selberg class \(S^\#\) by a Dirichlet character \(\chi (\mod q)\) is defined as \[ F^\chi(s) =\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{a(n)\chi(n)}{n^s}. \] The local factor of the function \(F\) at a prime \(p\) is defined as \[ F_p(s) =\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{a(p^k)}{p^{ks}}. \] In view of an existence of the Euler product by the definition of the Selberg class \(S\), we have \[ F(s) =\prod_{p}F_p(s)\quad \text{and}\quad \log F_p(s) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{b(p^k)}{p^{ks}} \] with \(b(p^k) \ll p^{\theta k}\) for a certain \(\theta < 1/2\). Note that if \(F\) belongs to the Selberg class \(S\), it is expected that \(F^\chi\) also belongs to the same class, at least when the conductors of \(F\) and the primitive character \(\chi\) are coprime. That is true in many special cases, for example, automorphic \(L\)-functions, which are objects of this paper. In the paper, it is shown that, for the \(L\)-functions of degree 2, the assumption of suitable properties of the twists by Dirichlet characters implies that the local factors are of polynomial type.