Bound states and heat kernels for fractional-type Schrödinger operators with singular potentials (Q6046995)

The authors study certain properties of fractional type Schrödinger operators with singular potentials. They declare that the main goal of this paper is to give pointwise estimates of \(L_2\)-eigenfunctions corresponding to negative eigenvalues (so called bound states) and finite-time horizon heat kernel estimates for non-local Schrödinger operators. The authors introduce the operator \[ H =-L-V,\quad V(x)=\frac{k}{|x|^{\alpha}},\quad x\in\mathbb R^d, \] where \(L\) is the Lévy operator such that \[ \widehat{Lf}(\xi)=-\psi(\xi)\hat f(\xi),\quad f\in\mathcal{D}(L)=\{f\in L_2(\mathbb R^d): \psi\hat f\in L_2(\mathbb R^d)\}, \] \[ \psi(\xi)=\int\limits_{\mathbb R^d}(1-\cos(\xi\cdot y))\nu(y)dy,\quad \xi\in\mathbb R^d, \] where \(\nu(y)\) is the symmetric Lévy density. The authors widely use heat kernel \(p(t,x,y)=p_t(x-y)\) and resolvent kernel \(g_{\lambda}(x,y)=g_{\lambda}(y-x)\) of the operator \(-L\): \[ p_t(x)=(2\pi)^{-d}\int\limits_{\mathbb R^d}e^{-t\psi(\xi)}e^{-ix\cdot\xi}d\xi,\quad t>0,\quad \xi\in\mathbb R^d, \] \[ g_{\lambda}(x)=\int\limits_0^{\infty}e^{-\lambda t}p_t(x)dt,\quad \lambda>0,\quad x\in\mathbb R^d. \] The authors consider the ``bound state problem'' \[ H\varphi=E\varphi,\text{ for a number } E<0 \] and describe some sufficient conditions for validity of the following type estimates \[ |\varphi(x)|\leq c_{R,\varphi,E}|x|^{-\delta},\quad |x|\leq R,\quad x\neq 0,\quad 0<\delta<\frac{d-\alpha}{2}; \] \[ |\varphi(x)|\leq c\sup\limits_{|y|\leq R}g_{\mu}(x-y),\quad x\in\mathbb R^d\setminus\{0\}; \] \[ \varphi(x)\geq\tilde c\inf\limits_{|y|\leq 1}g_{\mu}(x-y),\quad x\in\mathbb R^d\setminus\{0\},\quad E=\inf~\mathrm{spec}(H). \] For the kernel \(\tilde p(t,x,y)\) of the integral operator \(e^{-tH}\), the authors give comparison estimates between \(\tilde p(t,x,y)\) and \(p(t,x,y)\). There are a large bibliography and extensive introduction in the paper.