Hasse-Witt matrices, unit roots and period integrals (Q6047229)

This paper is concerned with Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in both toric varieties and flag varieties. In particular, the paper studies relations among Hasse-Witt matrices, unit root parts of the zeta-functions, and period integrals. Such relations were studied by Dwork in his work on the Dwork families of hypersurfaces. This paper generalizes the abvoe relations to hypersurfaces of Calabi-Yau, or of general type in a complete toric variety \(X\), or flag variety of dimension \(n\). The first main result is about Hasse-Witt matrices. Consider the cases of the universal Calabi-Yau family of hypersurfaces in a toric variety \(X\). There is a canonical degeneration \(Y_{s_0}\) (called the large complex structure limit) such that there is a canonical invariant cycle \(\gamma_0\in H_{n-1}(Y)\) near \(Y_{s_0}\). There is also a canonical trivialization \(\omega\) of the holomorphic \(n\)-form of the Calabi-Yau family. Tje period integral \(\int_{\gamma_0}\omega\) has a power series expansion at \(s_0\) with integer coefficients. Theorem 1. (a) A certain trancation of the period integral \(\int_{\gamma_0}\omega\) is equal to the Hasse-Witt matrix of the reduction of the family modulo a prime \(p\). (b) If the Hasse-Witt matrix is nondegenerate, there is a unique \(p\)-adic unit root of the zeta function. There is an explicit formula for the \(p\)-adic unit root in terms of the period integral. An algorithm to compute the Hasse-Witt matrix is presented relating the Hasse-Witt operator to the Cartier operator (as classically done). Then the algorithm is applied to the computation of the Hasse-Witt matriix of a general toric hypersurface, which, in turn, yields the relation to the period integral. The second main result is to give relations between the unit root part of the zeta function and period integral. This is done first proving Vlasenko's conjecture [\textit{M. Vlasenko}, Indag. Math., New Ser. 29, No. 5, 1411--1424 (2018; Zbl 1423.11199)] about the Frobenius map and the connecting map for toric hypersurfaces, applying Katz's local expansion method. Then it is shown that the Frobenius matrices (which is nothing but the Hasse-Witt matrices) of unit root \(F\)-crystals have close relations with the period integrals. The above methods are also applied to flag varieties to prove the corresponding results.