Almost paratopological groups (Q6049954)

The study of topological groups is very important in general topology and, of course, in mathematics. A group \(G\) with an operation \(*\) (product) and a topology \(T\) is called topological group, if both the operations of product and inverse are continuous. Variations of the definition of topological group led to the definitions of (i) paratopological group, (ii) semitopological group and (iii) quasitopological group, where one considers in (i) only the product in \(G\) to be continuous, in (ii) the product in \(G\) to be separately continuous and in (iii) the group \(G\) to be semitopological plus the operation of taking the inverse element to be continuous. The author of this article introduces the concept of almost paratopological group, and proves some novel and deep results based on this definition. In particular, a semitopological group \(G\) is almost paratopological, if for every element \(g\) in \(G\), such that the identity element \(e\) does not belong to the closure of \(\{g\}\), there exists a neighbourhood \(U\), of \(e\), such that \(g\) does not belong to \(U^2\). In addition, the author introduces a class of semitopologcal groups that contains paratopological groups and Hausdorff quasitopological groups. Conditions for a semitopological group to be almost paratopological are given in Theorem 5. That a compact almost paratopological group is a topological group is proven in Theorem 6. Spaces with separately continuous Mal'tsev operation are introduced in paragraph 5, and an open problem on semitopological groups (that are C.C.C.) is introduced at the end.