Singular impasse points of planar constrained differential systems (Q6050071)

Classifying the impasse points of non-linear systems \[ A(x)\dot{x} = F(x) \] is the subject of many papers since the works of Painlevé and Takens, followed by the numerical and symbolic studies on stiff ODEs started in the seventies by C. W. Gear. The authors focus on the singular impasse points in the 2-dimensional case, i.e. when the local equation at the singularity is not equivalent to the normal form \(y\dot{y}=1\) at \(y=0\). The classical approach is first the transformation into the diagonalized system \[ \delta(x)\dot{x}=A^\star (x)F(x)\stackrel{\mathsf{\,def}}{=} X(x) \] \(x\mapsto X(x)\) is the adjoint vector field and definition 1.2 gives the 3 possible situations at singular impasse points. The authors use quasi-homogeneous weighted blow-up methods to desingularize the vector field at an isolated singular point. The paper is structured on three theorems (A, B and C) establishing algebraic conditions of orbital equivalence of phase portraits near an impasse point which is a singularity of the singular locus (classified using ADE-classes from V. I. Arnol'd). This is a rich paper, using modern algebra to deal with an analytic problem.