Ulam's type stability of delayed discrete system with second-order differences (Q6051244)

The authors prove the uniqueness of the solution of the following class of second-order delayed nonlinear discrete equations (\(t\in\mathbb{Z}_0^T, \; A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}, \; m \in\mathbb{Z}_1^{\infty}\)): \[ \begin{array}{l} \Delta^2 x(t)+Ax(t-m)= f(t, x(t)), \\ x(t)=\varphi(t), \qquad t\in\mathbb{Z}_{-m}^1, \end{array} \] where \(f:\mathbb{Z}_0^T\times\mathbb{R}^{n}\to \mathbb{R}^{n}\) is a given function, \(m\) is a delay, \(\Delta^2\) is the second-order forward difference, \(\Delta^2x(t) = x(t + 2) -2x(t + 1) + x(t)\). For the proof they use fixed point methods. Furthermore, they prove both Hyers-Ulam stability and Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability using discrete delayed matrix functions and a discrete Gronwall inequality. As a byproduct, some special matrix functions are properly generalized, and, as a result, the method provides a potential tool for future research on higher-order delayed discrete systems. Finally, two examples are discussed.