Polynomial Liénard systems with a nilpotent global center (Q6054089)

Consider the planar polynomial system \[ \begin{array}{l} \frac{{dx}}{{dt}}= -y, \\ \frac{{dy}}{{dt}} = x^{2n-1} + yb(x) \end{array}\tag{1} \] having the origin \(O\) as unique singular point. The singular point \(O\) is called a global center, if \(R \setminus \{O\} \) is filled with periodic orbits. The authors study system (1) under the assumption \[ (H). \quad b(-x)=b(x),\; b(x)=\sum_{j=\beta}^mb_jx^j, \\ \text{where} \; m \; \text{and} \; \beta \; \text{are odd positive integers}, \; b_\beta \neq 0, n \ge 2. \] Using the odd integer \(\alpha =2(n-1)-m\) they prove among other results: Theorem. Under the assumption (H) and the conditions \(\alpha > 0, b_\beta^2-4m < 0 \) the origin is a global center if \(n=m+1\) or \(n=2\).