The large-period limit for equations of discrete turbulence (Q6054116)

The authors consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with modified nonlinearity: \(\frac{\partial }{\partial t}u+i\Delta u-i\lambda (\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}-2\left\Vert u\right\Vert ^{2})u=0\), \(x\in \mathbb{T}_{L}^{d}=\mathbb{R}^{d}/(L\mathbb{Z}^{d})\) the \(d\)-dimensional torus, \(d\geq 2\), of period \(L\geq 2\), where \(u=u(t,x)\), \(\Delta =(2\pi )^{-2}\sum_{j=1}^{d}\frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{j}^{2}}\) and \(\lambda \in (0,1]\). The purpose of the paper is to study solutions to this problem under the limit \(L\rightarrow \infty \) and \(\lambda \rightarrow 0\) on long time intervals. Following Zakharov-L'vov setting, the authors consider the equation damped by a (hyper) viscosity and driven by a random force: \(\frac{ \partial }{\partial t}u+i\Delta u-i\lambda (\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}-2\left\Vert u\right\Vert ^{2})u=-\nu \mathfrak{A}(u)+\sqrt{\nu }\frac{ \partial }{\partial t}\eta ^{\omega }(t,x)\), where \(\nu \in (0,1/2]\) is another small parameter which should be properly agreed with \(\lambda \) and \( L\), \(\mathfrak{A}\) a dissipative linear operator defined as \(\mathfrak{A} (u(x))=L^{-d/2}\sum_{s\in \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}}\gamma _{s}v_{s}e^{2\pi is\cdot x}\), \(v=\mathcal{F}(u)\), the Fourier transform of \(u\) with coefficients \( v_{s}\), \(\gamma _{s}=\gamma ^{0}(\left\vert s\right\vert ^{2})\), \(\left\vert s\right\vert \) being the Euclidean norm of the vector \(s\) and \(\gamma ^{0}\) a smooth real increasing function, satisfying \(\gamma ^{0}\geq 1\), \( c(1+y)^{r_{\ast }}\leq \gamma ^{0}(y)\leq C(1+y)^{r_{\ast }}\), \(\forall y>0\), for positive constants \(r_{\ast },c,C\), and all derivatives of \(\gamma ^{0} \) have at most polynomial growths at infinity, and \(\eta ^{\omega }\) the random noise given by the Fourier series \(\eta ^{\omega }(t,x)=L^{-d/2}\sum_{s\in \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}}b(s)\beta _{s}^{\omega }(t)e^{2\pi is\cdot x}\), where \(\{\beta _{s}\), \(s\in \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}\}\) are standard independent complex Wiener processes and \(b(s)\) is a Schwartz function on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\supset \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}\). Being interested in the limit of discrete turbulence (\(\nu \rightarrow 0\), \(L,\rho =\lambda \nu ^{-1}\) being fixed), the authors introduce the slow time \(\tau =\nu t\) and, after some transformations and application of Fourier transform, they get the problem: \(\dot{\mathfrak{a}}_{s}+\gamma _{s}\mathfrak{a} _{s}=i\rho Y_{s}^{res}(\mathfrak{a})+b(s)\dot{\beta }_{s}\), \(s\in \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}\), \(Y_{s}^{res}(\mathfrak{a})=L^{-d}(\sum_{1,2,3}\delta _{3s}^{\prime 12}\delta (\omega _{3s}^{12})\mathfrak{a}_{1}\mathfrak{a}_{2} \overline{\mathfrak{a}}_{3}-\left\vert \mathfrak{a}_{s}\right\vert ^{2} \mathfrak{a}_{s})\). The initial condition \(\mathfrak{a}_{s}(0)=0\), \(\forall s\in \mathbb{Z}_{L}^{d}\), is imposed. They also introduce the damped/driven non-autonomous wave kinetic equation: \(\dot{\mathfrak{z}}_{s}(\tau )=-2\gamma _{s}\mathfrak{z}_{s}+\varepsilon ^{2}K_{s}(\tau )(\mathfrak{z} )+2b(s)^{2}\), \(\mathfrak{z}(0)=0\), where \(\tau \geq 0\) and \(s\in \mathbb{R} ^{d}\). The main result proves that the energy spectrum \(\mathfrak{n} _{s,L}(\tau )\) of the quasi-solution \(\mathcal{A}_{s}(\tau )\) to the damped/driven problem satisfies the estimate \(\mathfrak{n}_{s,L}(\tau )\leq C^{\#}(s)\) and is \(\varepsilon ^{3}\)-close to the solution \(\mathfrak{z }_{s}(\tau )\) to the wave kinetic equation, that is, under the scaling \(\rho =\varepsilon L\chi _{d}(L)\), for any \(r\), there exists \(\varepsilon _{r}\in (0,1/2]\) such that for \(0<\varepsilon \leq \varepsilon _{r}\): \(\left\vert \mathfrak{n}_{s,L}(\tau )-\mathfrak{z}_{s}(\tau )\right\vert _{r}\leq C_{r}\varepsilon ^{3}\), \(\forall \tau \geq 0\), if \(L\geq \varepsilon ^{-}2\) for \(d\geq 3\), and \(L\geq e^{\varepsilon ^{-1}}\) for \(d=2\). For the proof, the authors mainly use the language of Feynman diagrams, Duhamel's formula, Heath-Brown method. They also prove properties of the quasi-solution \( \mathcal{A}_{s}(\tau )\) and of the solution \(\mathfrak{z}_{s}\).